霧霾形成的主要?dú)怏w被發(fā)現(xiàn)為氨

時(shí)間：2017-03-30作者：深圳市海德隆光電科技有限公司瀏覽：98

山西TT廢氣處理環(huán)保技術(shù)中心/整理
Shanxi TT waste gas treatment and environmental protection technology center / finishing
霧霾形成的主要?dú)怏w被發(fā)現(xiàn)為氨，山西TT廢氣處理（深圳海德隆山西辦）和您一同分享：   
The main gas haze formation was found for ammonia, Shanxi TT gas processing (Shenzhen Haidelong Shanxi Office) to share with you:

關(guān)于大氣中的氨氣，**份**性的長期衛(wèi)星研究揭開了世界上四個(gè)較具農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力的地區(qū)這一“熱點(diǎn)”污染物的面紗。使用來自NASA大氣紅外探測器(AIRS)的衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)，美國馬里蘭大學(xué)**的科研團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，2002—2016年，氨濃度在美國、歐洲、中國和印度穩(wěn)步上升。   
On the atmosphere of ammonia, the first global long-term satellite research has opened up the world's four most productive areas of agriculture, the "hot" pollutants veil. Using satellite data from the NASA atmospheric infrared detector (AIRS), led by the University of Maryland, the research team found that from 2002 to 2016, ammonia concentration in the United States, Europe, China and India rose steadily.      

這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在近期的《地球物理研究通訊》上，還描述了各地區(qū)大氣氨含量增加的可能原因。盡管各地具體情況不盡相同，但大體上說，氨的增加與作物肥料、畜禽廢棄物、大氣化學(xué)變化、增溫土壤有關(guān)系。   
The study, published in the recent issue of the Journal of geophysical research, describes the possible reasons for the increase in atmospheric ammonia concentrations in various regions. Although the specific situation is not the same, but in general, the increase in ammonia and crop fertilizer, livestock waste, atmospheric chemical changes, warming soil.      

大氣氨含量增加與空氣、水質(zhì)量差相關(guān)。研究結(jié)果或有助于啟迪人們控制農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū)氨污染、氨副產(chǎn)品的管理策略。   
The increase of ammonia concentration in air is related to poor air and water quality. The results of this study may be helpful to inspire people to control the ammonia pollution in agricultural areas and the management strategy of ammonia byproducts.      

馬里蘭大學(xué)大氣和海洋科學(xué)*Juying Warner表示，“從地面測量氨是困難的，但團(tuán)隊(duì)開發(fā)的以衛(wèi)星為基礎(chǔ)的方法使我們較有效、較準(zhǔn)確地追蹤它。我們希望這一結(jié)果較好地幫助人們進(jìn)行氨排放管理?！?  
"It is difficult to measure ammonia from the ground," said Juying Warner, an expert on atmospheric and Ocean Sciences at the University of Maryland, but the team developed a satellite based approach that allows us to track it more efficiently and accurately. We hope that this result will help people better manage ammonia emissions."      

氣態(tài)氨是地球氮循環(huán)的一個(gè)自然部分，但過量氨對(duì)植物有害，并降低空氣和水質(zhì)量。在對(duì)流層，它與硝酸、硫酸反應(yīng)，形成危害人體健康的硝酸鹽顆粒；進(jìn)入湖泊、溪流和海洋，造成富營養(yǎng)化，形成低氧水平的“死亡地帶”。   
Gaseous ammonia is a natural part of the earth's nitrogen cycle, but excessive ammonia is harmful to plants and reduces air and water quality. In the troposphere, it react with nitric acid and sulfuric acid to form nitrate particles that are harmful to human health, and enter the lakes, streams and oceans".      

“很少有氨是從排氣管、煙囪中來的，主要是農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域，來自肥料、畜牧。”馬里蘭大學(xué)教授Russell Dickerson說，“它對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響。在切薩皮克灣氨污染中，大氣中的氨貢獻(xiàn)了1/4，造成了富營養(yǎng)化，導(dǎo)致了使牡蠣、藍(lán)蟹和其他**動(dòng)物生活變困難的‘死亡地帶’”。   
"There are very few ammonia from the exhaust pipe, chimney, mainly in the field of agriculture, from fertilizer, animal husbandry." "It has a profound impact on the ecosystem," said Russell Dickerson, a professor at University of Maryland. Ammonia pollution in the Chesapeake Bay, ammonia in the atmosphere contributed to 1/4, resulting in eutrophication, resulting in the oysters, blue crabs and other wildlife life difficult to death zone".      

該研究中涉及的每個(gè)主要農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)2002—2016年的氨增加都有著不同的原因。例如美國，沒有經(jīng)歷肥料使用量的大幅增加或化肥施用方式的重大變化，但Warner、Dickerson等人發(fā)現(xiàn)，20世紀(jì)90年代通過立法來減少酸雨竟意想不到地增加了大氣中的氨，因大氣中的酸通常會(huì)去除氨。   
There are various reasons for the increase in ammonia from 2002 to 2016 in each of the major agricultural areas involved in the study. For example, the United States, did not experience significant changes in fertilizer use or a significant increase in the amount of fertilizer application methods, but Warner, Dickerson et al, 1990s to pass legislation to reduce acid rain unexpectedly increased ammonia in the atmosphere, because the atmosphere will usually remove ammonia acid.      

在4個(gè)主要農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)區(qū)，歐洲經(jīng)歷了較戲劇性的氨含量變化。研究人員認(rèn)為，這很大程度上是因?yàn)閷?duì)富氨肥料的成功限制和改善動(dòng)物糞便處理的做法。另外和美國一樣，也與大氣中酸性物質(zhì)有關(guān)。   
In 4 major agricultural production areas, Europe experienced the most dramatic changes in ammonia content. The researchers believe that this is largely due to the success of the restrictions on the use of ammonia fertilizer and improve the practice of animal manure treatment. In addition, as in the United States, it is also related to atmospheric acidity.      

中國大氣中氨增加的原因復(fù)雜且互相作用。該研究者認(rèn)為，限制二氧化硫——硫酸的關(guān)鍵前體的努力或許是一個(gè)責(zé)任因素。但中國從2002年開始也大力拓展了農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)，增加了含氨肥料和動(dòng)物糞便中氨的排放量。農(nóng)業(yè)土壤變暖也與氨增加有關(guān)。   
The reasons for the increase of ammonia in the atmosphere of China are complex and interactive. The researchers argue that efforts to limit the key precursors of sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid, may be a liability. But China has also expanded agricultural activities since 2002, increasing the amount of ammonia in ammonia and animal waste. Agricultural soil warming is also associated with increased ammonia.      

“氨增加讓懸浮顆粒著陸中國，而它是北京冬季厚厚的霧霾的主要貢獻(xiàn)者?！盬arner說，“肉類日漸成為中餐飲食一個(gè)較受歡迎的部分。隨著飲食由素食為主向肉食轉(zhuǎn)變，氨排放量將繼續(xù)上升。”   
Ammonia increased to allow suspended particles landing in China, which is the main contributor to the thick fog in winter in Beijing." "Meat is becoming a more popular part of Chinese food," Warner said. As the diet changes from meat to meat, ammonia emissions will continue to rise."      

在印度，化肥的大量使用加上牲畜糞便累積，導(dǎo)致了世界上較高濃度的大氣氨。但研究人員也注意到，氨增加的速度沒有其他地區(qū)快。他們認(rèn)為可能是由于酸雨前體的排放量增加。   
In India, the heavy use of chemical fertilizers, combined with the accumulation of livestock manure, has led to the world's highest concentration of ammonia in the atmosphere. But the researchers also noted that the rate of increase in ammonia is no faster than other regions. They think it may be due to increased emissions of acid rain precursors.      

研究人員將所有上述地區(qū)氨增加的一部分原因歸于氣候變化。氨較容易從溫暖的土地里揮發(fā)出來，而每個(gè)地區(qū)的土壤自2002年以來呈現(xiàn)出一年年變暖的趨勢。    The researchers attributed some of the increase in ammonia to climate change. Ammonia is more likely to evaporate from warmer soil, and the soil in each region has been warming year by year since 2002.      

“這些分析為我們假設(shè)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)大氣究竟發(fā)生了什么提供了**份證據(jù)?！盬arner表示，“我們希望從其他來源如聯(lián)合較軌衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)獲得更多數(shù)據(jù)，以便將來建立較清晰的畫面。”   
"These analyses provide the first evidence of what happens in the atmosphere over a period of time." Warner said, we hope to get more data from other sources such as the joint polar orbit satellite system, in order to establish a clearer picture."      

Warner、Dickerson等人希望較好地了解大氣中的氨后，幫助政策制定者平衡高需求的農(nóng)業(yè)與環(huán)境保護(hù)之間的關(guān)系。   
Warner, Dickerson et al. Hope to better understand the relationship between the high demand for agriculture and environmental protection after the ammonia in the atmosphere.      

Dickerson表示，人口日益增長，食物特別是肉食需求也在上升，這意味著農(nóng)民和牧場主需要更多的肥料，也就造成了干凈的空氣和水較難以維持，“智慧農(nóng)業(yè)的實(shí)踐或許可減少排放溫室氣體，幫助避免不利影響”。(王方編譯)   
Dickerson said that a growing population, especially the carnivorous food demand is also rising, which means that farmers and ranchers need more fertilizer, also resulted in the clean air and water is more difficult to maintain, or the "practice license of wisdom agriculture to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and help avoid adverse effects". (Wang Fang compilation)

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