蒸汽鍋爐隱患分析及預防

時間：2017-03-24

蒸汽鍋爐隱患分析及預防
鍋爐結構不合理造成某些部位強度不夠、水循環(huán)不良、存在熱偏差或爐體不能自由膨脹等；鍋爐材質不符合質量要求；制造工藝不當，受壓部件存在內應力；排污口安裝高，泥渣無法排盡；鍋爐兩端無膨脹滑動支點，管道膨脹受阻；安全閥設計不合理，調試不符合要求；水位表安裝位置不合理；壓力表不準或連接管未按要求安裝；防爆門過重或卸壓面積不足；排煙溫度設計不合理等。
鍋爐運行管理不善造成鍋爐缺水或滿水；水質管理不善引起鍋爐結垢；除氧不善使金屬受熱面產生腐蝕；排污不及時造成爐水堿度過高；調節(jié)不及時造成鍋爐霧化不良、燃燒不完全、火焰不穩(wěn)定或偏斜；燃燒器本身故障或燃燒系統(tǒng)故障造成鍋爐熄火等。
鍋爐管理制度不健全，缺乏鍋爐房安全運行管理的9項制度7項紀錄；鍋爐受壓部件及安全附件等缺乏定期檢驗、檢修；操作人員無證操作或操作證未按時審驗；操作人員技術素質低，缺乏常見事故隱患判斷能力；設備的維護、保養(yǎng)、檢修不及時、不到位等。
鍋爐受壓元件的強度計算，應按《鍋殼式鍋爐受壓元件強度計算標準》和JB2197-77《水管鍋爐受壓元件強度計算》進行；鍋爐結構應符合規(guī)程的有關規(guī)定，如運行時各部分應能自由膨脹，水循環(huán)應安全可靠，非受熱面的元件應有足夠的冷卻或可靠的絕熱，鍋爐的安裝、檢修和清掃應盡量方便等；設計人員應對其設計的鍋爐安全性能負責，設計圖紙、技術文件上應有完備的簽字，并完成審核備案手續(xù)。制造廠必須具備保證產品質量所必要的技術力量、設備、檢驗手段和管理制度；新試制的鍋爐產品，必須進行技術鑒定，合格后方能正式生產投入市場；必須嚴格執(zhí)行原材料的驗收制度、工藝管理制度和產品質量檢驗制度。只有經?。ɑ蛳喈斒校┘墑趧硬块T批準的鍋爐安裝單位才能承擔安裝任務；安裝鍋爐的單位，應按TJ231（六）《機械設備安裝工程施工及驗收規(guī)范》*六冊的規(guī)定施工。
鍋爐使用單位應向當?shù)貏趧硬块T辦理鍋爐設備使用登記手續(xù)；司爐人員應持證上崗；應健全以崗位責任制為主的各項規(guī)章制度，建立運行管理獎懲考核制度，嚴格監(jiān)督，獎懲兌現(xiàn)；認真落實好車間、班組、值班人員檢查制，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題及時處理；認真做好鍋爐運行、檢查、維修等各項紀錄；按要求做好停爐保養(yǎng)工作；認真執(zhí)行《低壓鍋爐水質標準》，確保水質達標；杜絕三違作業(yè)。鍋爐按規(guī)定定期進行停爐檢驗和水壓試驗；經常檢查鍋爐的三大安全附件（安全閥、壓力表和水位計）、轉動設備、配電保護設施等，做好記錄，確保靈敏可靠。
Boiler structure is not reasonable cause some bad parts strength is not enough, the water cycle, have heat deviation or furnace can not free expansion, etc. Boiler materials do not conform to the requirements of the quality; Manufacturing processes improper, pressure exists internal stress; Installation is high, the outlet of the sludge can't row; Inflation sliding protection on both ends of the boiler, stuck pipe expansion; The relief valve design is unreasonable, debugging is not in conformity with the requirements; Water gauge installation position is not reasonable; Pressure gauge is not allowed or connecting pipe not installed as required; Explosion door overweight or unloading area is insufficient; Exhaust temperature design unreasonable, etc.
Boiler mismanagement of the boiler water shortage or filled with water; Mismanagement of water quality caused by boiler scale; Oxygen is not good to make metallic heating-surface corrosion; Pollution caused by the furnace thermonatrite through high, not in time Regulation is not in time cause atomization, incomplete combustion of boiler, flame instability or deflection; The burner itself down fault or failure cause of boiler combustion system, etc.
The boiler management system is not sound, lack of the safe operation of the boiler house management system of 9 7 records; Boiler pressure parts and safety accessories such as a lack of regular inspection and maintenance; Operator unlicensed operation or operation certificate not submitted on time; Operating personnel technical quality is low, the lack of common accidents judgment; Equipment maintenance, maintenance, overhaul is not in a timely manner, does not reach the designated position, etc.
Strength calculation of boiler pressure parts, should press "pot shell boiler pressure parts strength calculation standard and JB2197-77" water boiler pressure parts strength calculation; Boiler structure shall comply with the relevant provisions of the regulations, such as the runtime parts should be free to expand, the water cycle should be safe and reliable, the heating element should have enough cooling or reliable adiabatic, boiler installation and maintenance and cleaning should be as easy as possible for etc. Designers should be responsible for the design of boiler safety performance, the signature of the design drawings and technical documents should be complete, and put on record formalities complete review. Manufacturers must be able to guarantee the quality of the products are the necessary technical strength, equipment, inspection means and management system; New trial production of boiler products, must carry out technical appraisal, qualified rear can officially production on the market; Must strictly implement the system of the acceptance of raw materials, process management system and product quality inspection system. Only by the provincial level (or equivalent city) approved by the department of labor boiler installation unit to bear the installation tasks; The installation of boiler unit, should press TJ231 (6) the construction and acceptance of mechanical equipment installation engineering construction sixth volume of regulations.
Shall be filed with the local labor department boiler unit using the boiler registration formalities; Stoker personnel should show certificates; Should sound is given priority to with post responsibility system's each rules and regulations, establish the operation management appraisal system of rewards and punishments strict supervision, rewards and punishments to cash; Earnestly implement good workshop, shift, operator on duty to check system, found that the problem handled in time; The boiler operation earnestly, inspection, maintenance records; According to the requirement to do a good job of boiler stop maintain; Conscientiously implement the low pressure boiler water quality standards, to ensure the water quality standards; Put an end to three violations. Boiler boiler inspection and hydrostatic test regularly according to regulations; Check the three security of the boiler accessories (safety valve, pressure gauge and water level gauge), rotating equipment, power distribution protection facilities, etc., make record, ensure that sensitive and reliable.
信息來源于

河南省四通鍋爐有限公司專注于1噸燃氣鍋爐價格,2噸燃油鍋爐,4噸*鍋爐,6噸生物質鍋爐,0.3噸燃電鍋爐,0.5噸燃煤鍋爐等

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